V. I. Lenin

THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA

The Process of the Formation of a
Home Market for Large-Scale Industry
[Part 5 -- Chapters VII and VIII]

(pp. 454-599)



Written in 1896-99.
First printed in book form
at the end of March 1899


Published according to the text
of the second edition, 1908
 



From V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, 4th English Edition,
Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow, 1961

Vol. 3, pp. 21-607.

Translated by Joe Fineberg and by George Hanna
Edited by Victor Jerome


Prepared © for the Internet by David J. Romagnolo,
djr@marx2mao.org (November 1997)
(Corrected and Updated December 2001)


C O N T E N T S

[Part 5]
 

Chapter VII.  T h e D e v e l o p m e n t o f L a r g e-S c a l e
               M a c h i n e  I n d u s t r y .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .


454

I.
 

The Scientific Conception of the Factory and the Sig-
nificance of "Factory" Statisitics  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .


454

II.

Our Factory Statistics .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .

456

     


  There sources 456. -- Publications of the 60s 457-458. --
The specific character of the Military Statistical Abstract 459-
461. -- Mr. Orlov's Directory 461-462. -- The Collections of
the Department of Commerce and Manufactures 463-464. -- The
Returns for Russia for 1884-85
; Mr. Karyshev's errors 464-
465. -- Data of gubernia statistical committees 466. -- The List
466. -- Is the number of factories in Russia growing? 467-468.


III.
 

An Examination of Historical-Statistical Data on the
Development of Large-Scale Industry .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .


468



  1) Textile Trades .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .
  2) Wood-Working Industries  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .
  3) Chemical, Livestock Product and Ceramic In-
     dustries .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .
  4) Metallurgical Industries .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .
  5) Food Industries  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .
  6) Excise-Paying and Other Trades .  .  .  .  .  .  .
  7) Conclusion .  . .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .

469
474
475
478
479
481
483

IV.

The Development of the Mining Industry .  .  .  .  .  .  .

484



  The Urals, their specific features 484-488. -- The South
488-491. -- The Causasus 491-492. -- The big and small mines
in the Donets Basin 492-494. -- The significance of the data on
the development of the mining industry 494-496.


V.
 

Is the Number of Workers in Large Capitalist Enter-
prises Growing?  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .


496



  Data for the years 1865, 1879, 1890 496-499. -- Mistaken
Method of the Narodniks 499-507.


VI.

Steam-Engine Statistics .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .

507



  Data for the years 1875-1878 and 1892 507-509.


VII.

The Growth of Large Factories  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .

509



  Data for the years 1866, 1879, 1890 and 1894-95 509-514.
-- The largest enterprises in factory industry and in the mining
industry 514-515. -- The errors of Mr. N-on 515-517.


VIII.

The Distribution of Large-Scale Industry .  .  .  .  .  .

518



  Data on the leading centres of factory industry in the years 1879
and 1890 518-519. -- Three types of centres 519-521. -- The
classification of the centres 521-523. -- The growth of rural fac-
tory centres and its significance 523-525.


IX.

The Development of the Lumber and Building Industries

525



  The growth of the lumber industry 525-526; its organisation
526-530. -- The growth of capitalism in the building industry
530-533.


X.

The Appendage to the Factory .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .

534

XI.

The Complete Separation of Industry from Agriculture .

536



  The error of the Narodniks 536-537. -- Moscow Zemstvo san-
itary statistics 537-541.


XII.
 

Three Stages in the Development of Capitalism in Rus-
sian Industry .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .


541



  The connection between all the stages 541-543. -- Specific
technical features 543. -- The growth of capitalist relationships
543-544. -- The character of the development of industry 544-
545. -- The separation of industry from agriculture 545-548.
-- Differences in living conditions 548-550. -- The growth of
the home market 550-551.
 


Chapter VIII.  T h e F o r m a t i o n o f t h e H o m e M a r-
                k e t .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .


454

I.

The Growth of Commodity Circulation  .  .  .  .  .  .  .

552



  The development of the railways 552-553, water transport
553-554, commerce and the banks 554-557.


II.
 

The Growth of the Commercial and Industrial Popula-
tion  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .


557



  1) The Growth of Towns .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .
  2) The Significance of Home Colonisation .  .  .  .
  3) The Growth of Factory and of Commercial and
      Industrial Townships and Villages .  .  .  .  .  .
  4) Non-Agricultural Outside Employments .  .  .  .

557
562
 
566
568



  Non-agricultural outside employments 568-581, their size
and growth 568-576, their progressive role 576-579, the ap-
praisal of them by Narodnik writers 579-581.


III.

The Growth of the Employment of Wage-Labour.  .  .  .

581



  Approximate number of wage-workers 581-583. -- Capitalist
surplus-population 583. -- The error of the Narodniks 583-
586.


IV.

The Formation of a Home Market for Labour-Power .  .

586



  The main movements of wage-workers in connection with the size
of wages 586-589. -- The formation of a home market 589-590.
-- Mr. N-on's "theory" 590-591.


V.
 

The Significance of the Border Regions. Home or For-
eign Market? .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .


591



  Capitalism's urge for expansion 591-592. -- The example of
the Caucasus 593-594. -- Two aspects of the process of the for-
mation of a market 594-596.


VI.

The Mission of Capitalism  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .

596



  The increase in the productivity of social labour 596-598. --
The socialisation of labour 598-600. -- The cause of the differ-
ence with the Narodniks 600-601.



NOTES





From Marx
to Mao

Lenin
Collection

DCR
Table of
Contents

Notes for
"Part 5"
Below





From Marx
to Mao

Lenin
Collection

Reading
Guide

DCR
Table of
Contents